The establishment of the Commonwealth coincided with a period of stability and prosperity in Poland, with the union thereafter becoming a European power and a major cultural entity, occupying approximately one million square kilometers of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as an agent for the dissemination of through into areas of modern-day Lithuania, , Ukraine, Belarus and western Russia.
Translation: It is estimated that Intelligenzaktion took the lives of 100,000 Poles.
Centroni, Alessandra 3 January 2016.
Also, Jews and Armenians began to settle and flourish in Poland during this era see and.